Quran Chapter
9 – 12 (Pt-10, Stg-2) (L-1148) - درس قرآن
Fight them who break treaty
Chapter Tawbah (Repentance)
– Surah – 9)
‘A-‘uu-zu Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in Allaah from Satan the outcast)
Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of Allaah, the Beneficent, the Merciful)
(I seek refuge in Allaah from Satan the outcast)
Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of Allaah, the Beneficent, the Merciful)
وَإِن نَّكَثُوٓا۟ أَيْمَٰنَهُم مِّنۢ بَعْدِ عَهْدِهِمْ وَطَعَنُوا۟ فِى دِينِكُمْ فَقَٰتِلُوٓا۟ أَئِمَّةَ ٱلْكُفْرِإِنَّهُمْ لَآ أَيْمَٰنَ لَهُمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَنتَهُونَ 12
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12. And if they break their pledges after their treaty
(hath been made with you) and assail your religion, then fight the heads of
disbelief – lo! They have no binding oaths – in order that they may desist.
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12. Wa ‘in-nakasuuu
‘ay-maanahum-mim-ba’-di ‘ah-dihim wa ta-‘anuu
fii Diinikum faqaa-tiluuu ‘a-‘immatal-kufri,
‘inna-hum laaa ‘ay-maana lahum la-‘allahum yan-tahuun.
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Commentary
Nakasuuu – (they
break), this word has been derived from nakasun. Nakasun means
“breaking anything after making, to break one’s treaty, word or promise”.
Ta-‘anuu – (they
assail), it is from ta’-nun. Ta’-nun means “to thrust any
sharp edged tool like a lance etc. Here it aims “to abuse, to reproach, to find
fault, to state vices face to face and vex potentially.
‘A-‘immatun – (the
heads, leaders), this word is plural of ‘Imaam. ‘Imaam is
that individual who leads other people in any matter or the people have chosen
him as their leader. ‘Imaam may be for good works as well as
for evil deeds. Here it aims “the leaders of bad works, who are usually called
chiefs, ringleaders or heads”.
‘Ay-maanun – (the
binding oaths), this word is plural of yamiin, which means “the
oath”. Here it aims “articles of mutual agreement, a treaty of alliance” which
is made strongly.
Before this verse, it was
proclaimed that the Muslims have no treaty in future with the idolaters
of Makkah and its environs. They were given deadline for four
months. After that period, no idolater was allowed to live in the Peninsula of
Arab. Its main reason was that the Muslims had observed well by trying them
repeatedly and were tired of being patient due to their molesting behavior.
Actually, those people did not desire to dwell mutually. Even then, that treaty
was to be fulfilled, which was made with some of them, on the condition that
they should not do against the treaty. Those circumstances have been mentioned
in this verse.
It is commanded that those
people who have promised earlier, if they break their treaty and assail your
religion, then they are heads of the infidels. You should fight them because
“An oak is not felled with one stroke”. These people are treacherous and
dishonest. Breaking the treaty is considered by them as “No matter”. However,
if you punish them severely, then haply; they refrain from wickedness.
It should be remembered that these instructions are being
delivered against those people who are obstinate and want to win over others in
conversation whether they are at wrong, and for this purpose they become ready
to kill or die. The aim from idolaters and infidels is such people who were as
the people of Makkah before spreading Islam. Those people are
not included into them who are pure from treachery and mischief, and desire to
dwell together.
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